مستجدات الزكاة في ظل جائحة كورونا: دراسة مقاصدية

Emerging Issues of Zakat in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Maqasid-Based Study

Authors

  • Ahmed Alrumaithah Sana’a University, Al-Jeraf Area, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
  • Mahmoud Mohamed Ali Mahmoud Edris Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia | Faculty of Shariah and Law, University Dongola, Sudan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55265/al-maqasid.v6i1.200

Keywords:

Maqasid al-Shariah, COVID-19, Zakat

Abstract

Zakat represents one of the most vital instruments in Islamic law for achieving social and economic balance. However, its contemporary applications in light of global crises remain underexplored, particularly from a maqā ṣid(objectives of Sharia) perspective. The COVID-19 pandemic posed an unprecedented challenge, reshaping the lives of individuals, communities, and nations, necessitating renewed reflection on zakat rulings to align with evolving realities while safeguarding the higher objectives of Sharia. This study seeks to address the scholarly gap stemming from the lack of specialized maqāṣid-based studies on the intersection between financial crises such as COVID-19 and contemporary zakat rulings. The research clarifies the concept of zakat and its underlying objectives, examines newly emerging rulings during the pandemic, and highlights their role in promoting the higher objectives of Islamic law. Key findings reveal that it is permissible to expedite zakat payments in times of crisis and to allocate zakat funds to hospitals providing free treatment for COVID-19 patients. These measures serve greater maqāṣid, including hastening good deeds, meeting the needs of the vulnerable, and reinforcing social solidarity. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this paper underscores the importance of adopting a maqāṣid-oriented approach to address contemporary financial issues, thereby contributing to the renewal and practical relevance of Islamic jurisprudence in confronting global challenges. At the international level, this article contributes a maqāṣid-oriented analytical framework applicable beyond the COVID-19 context, offering normative guidance for zakat governance in times of global crises such as pandemics, natural disasters, and economic downturns. By bridging classical jurisprudential principles with contemporary humanitarian and public health challenges, the study provides policymakers, zakat institutions, and international Islamic organizations with a principled model for crisis-responsive zakat management. Methodologically, through a descriptive-analytical approach, the paper advances the practical relevance and adaptive capacity of Islamic jurisprudence, positioning maqāṣid al-Shariah as a universal ethical paradigm capable of informing global discussions on faith-based social finance and crisis resilience.

 

ملخص البحث

تُعد الزكاة أحد أهم الأدوات الشرعية لتحقيق التوازن الاجتماعي والاقتصادي في الإسلام، إلا أن مستجداتها في ضوء الأزمات العالمية لم تنل ما يكفي من البحث والتحليل المقاصدي، وقد شكّلت جائحة كورونا تحديًا غير مسبوق ألقى بظلاله على حياة الأفراد والمجتمعات والدول، مما استدعى إعادة النظر في بعض الأحكام التطبيقية للزكاة بما يواكب متغيرات الواقع ويحقق مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية. ومن هنا، يسعى هذا البحث إلى سد الفجوة العلمية المتمثلة في غياب الدراسات المقاصدية المتخصصة التي تربط بين النوازل المالية لجائحة كورونا وأحكام الزكاة،وذلك من خلال: بيان مفهوم الزكاة ومقاصدها الشرعية، واستعراض الأحكام المستجدة لها في ظل الأزمة، ثم تحليل أثر هذه الأحكام في تعزيز مقاصد الشريعة. وقد توصّل البحث إلى عدة نتائج أبرزها: جواز تعجيل إخراج الزكاة في أوقات الأزمات، وجواز تخصيصها لدعم المستشفيات التي تقدّم خدمات علاجية مجانية للمتضررين، مما يحقق مقاصد عظيمة تتمثل في المسارعة إلى الخيرات، وسد حاجات المحتاجين، وتعزيز التكافل الاجتماعي. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، مؤكدة على أن معالجة النوازل المالية المعاصرة بمنهج مقاصدي تسهم في تطوير الفقه الإسلامي وتفعيله في مواجهة الأزمات العالمية. على الصعيد الدولي، تُسهم هذه الدراسة في تقديم إطارٍ تحليليٍّ قائمٍ على المقاصد، قابلٍ للتطبيق خارج سياق جائحة كوفيد-19، بما يوفّر توجيهًا معياريًا لحوكمة الزكاة في أوقات الأزمات العالمية، مثل الجوائح، والكوارث الطبيعية، والأزمات الاقتصادية. ومن خلال الربط بين المبادئ الفقهية الكلاسيكية والتحديات الإنسانية والصحية المعاصرة، تُمكِّن الدراسة صُنّاع السياسات، ومؤسسات الزكاة، والمنظمات الإسلامية الدولية من نموذجٍ تأصيليٍّ لإدارة الزكاة بصورةٍ استجابيةٍ للأزمات. ومنهجيًا، وباعتماد المنهج الوصفي-التحليلي، تُسهم الورقة في تعزيز العملية التطبيقية والقدرة التكيفية للفقه الإسلامي، وتُبرز مقاصد الشريعة بوصفها منظومةً أخلاقيةً ذات طابعٍ كوني، قادرة على الإسهام في النقاشات العالمية حول التمويل الاجتماعي القائم على القيم الدينية وبناء القدرة على الصمود في مواجهة الأزمات.

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Published

2025-07-13

How to Cite

Alrumaithah, A., & Mohamed Ali Mahmoud Edris, M. (2025). مستجدات الزكاة في ظل جائحة كورونا: دراسة مقاصدية: Emerging Issues of Zakat in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Maqasid-Based Study. AL-MAQASID: The International Journal of Maqasid Studies and Advanced Islamic Research, 6(1), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.55265/al-maqasid.v6i1.200

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